Cataract

Frequently asked questions

What is a cataract?

A cataract is a clouding of the natural lens of the eye, most commonly caused by age-related changes.  However, cataracts can also be congenital or acquired.  Acquired cataracts may develop after eye trauma caused, cortisone use, radiation exposure, or as a result of certain systemic diseases. Cataracts leads to a gradual deterioration of vision. Common symptoms include blurred or hazy vision, reduced near and distant vision, a milky appearance, and increased sensitivity to glare, especially when driving at night. Surgery is recommended when symptoms begin to interfere with daily life.

In some cases, a thickened, ageing lens may obstruct fluid inside the eye, potentially leading to a condition known as phacomorphic glaucoma or a narrow-angle situation.

How is it treated?

Cataracts are treated through a surgical procedure in which the cloudy natural lens is removed and replaced with a clear artificial lens (intraocular lens). The operation is usually performed on an outpatient basis under local anaesthesia (eye drops), and is monitored by an anaesthesiologist, who can also provide medication to help you relax, if needed.

How does the operation work?

The procedure is performed through three very small incisions in the eye (0.8 mm, 0.8 mm, and 2.4 mm) to access the lens. The lens capsule is then opened in the centre using a precise circular technique. Next, the cloudy natural lens is loosened from the capsule and broken up using an ultrasonic probe a process known as phacoemulsification.  The fragmented lens material is then gently aspirated (suctioned) out of the eye. After polishing the inside of the capsule to remove any remaining lens material, the new intraocular lens is folded, inserted through the small incision, and then unfolded into position inside the capsule.  In most cases, stitches are not required, as the tiny incisions are self-healing.

Can cataracts be treated with a laser?

A cataract cannot be removed with a laser alone. However, certain steps of the procedure can be performed using a femtosecond laser. Before the actual surgery, the laser can be used to create a precisely centred opening in the lens capsule and to pre-cut the lens, which may improve accuracy and safety in some cases. We will gladly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this technique during your consultation, so that you can make an informed decision.

Will I need glasses after the operation?

In most cases, glasses are still needed after cataract surgery, although there are exceptions. Whether you will require progressive lenses, reading glasses, or distance glasses depends on your individual visual needs and the type of intraocular lens selected for the procedure.

What types of lenses are available?

There is a wide range of intraocular lenses (IOLs) available for cataract surgery. The type, strength, and suitability of a lens must be carefully assessed and individually calculated based on the specific characteristics of your eyes.

Available options include: Spherical lenses, Aspherical lenses (which can offer better image quality), Lenses with extended depth of focus, Multifocal lenses (for both near and distance vision) and Toric lenses (to correct corneal astigmatism). Each lens type has its own advantages and considerations. We will be happy to discuss all suitable options with you in detail during your consultation.

What are the risks?

Complications during or after cataract surgery are rare, occurring in less than 3% of all procedures. In most cases, these complications can be effectively treated or resolved with additional care.

What happens after the operation?

Immediately after the surgery, a protective eye patch is applied.  This is usually removed the following day, and vision is often noticeably improved even at this early stage.

You will be prescribed eye drops to use over the course of four weeks, and we recommend avoiding physical strain during the initial healing phase. This includes avoiding impact sports, heavy lifting, and public swimming pools for two weeks to minimise the risk of infection. Everyday activities such as showering, reading, watching TV, light housework, and walking are generally safe and can be resumed shortly after the procedure.